Nickan Research Institute Journal of Parathyroid Disease 2345-6558 13 1 2025 01 01 Inflammatory impact of cigarette smoking on bone function and structure; a review of evidence e13302 e13302 10.34172/jpd.2025.13302 EN Yashar Shahbaz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9927-907X Rasoul Shirmohammadi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5019-2383 Shirin Shamsghahfarokhi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8221-2941 Hooman Esfahani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-2200 Mobin Forghan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9100-9854 Hojjat Eghbali Jelodar https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6949-0374 Leila Ashrafi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5204-2825 Mohammad Mousavi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-5766 Journal Article 10.34172/jpd.2025.13302 2025 07 06 2025 08 27 Cigarette smoking represents a major lifestyle risk factor for bone loss and skeletal disorders, with complex etiological mechanisms consisting both direct tissue effects and systemic alterations. Recent evidence demonstrates that tobacco smoking triggers an intricate cascade of cellular and molecular events that disrupts the delicate balance of bone remodeling, finally leading to decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk.